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Что (кто) такое A History of Folding in Mathematics - определение
A History of Folding in Mathematics
BOOK ON THE MATHEMATICS OF PAPER FOLDING
A History of Folding in Mathematics: Mathematizing the Margins is a book in the history of mathematics on the mathematics of paper folding. It was written by Michael Friedman and published in 2018 by Birkhäuser as volume 59 of their Historical Studies series.
History of mathematics
![ancient Roman]] land [[surveyor]] (''[[gromatici]]''), found at the site of [[Aquincum]], modern [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aquinqum BHM IMG 0662 land surveyor equipment.jpg?width=200 "ancient Roman]] land [[surveyor]] (''[[gromatici]]''), found at the site of [[Aquincum]], modern [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]")
![Archimedes used the [[method of exhaustion]] to approximate the value of [[pi]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Archimedes pi.svg?width=200 "Archimedes used the [[method of exhaustion]] to approximate the value of [[pi]].")
![The numerals used in the [[Bakhshali manuscript]], dated between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bakhshali numerals 2.jpg?width=200 "The numerals used in the [[Bakhshali manuscript]], dated between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD.")
![[[Counting rod numerals]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chounumerals.svg?width=200 "[[Counting rod numerals]]")
![[[Apollonius of Perga]] made significant advances in the study of [[conic sections]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Conic sections 2.png?width=200 "[[Apollonius of Perga]] made significant advances in the study of [[conic sections]].")
![Title page of the 1621 edition of Diophantus' ''Arithmetica'', translated into [[Latin]] by [[Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diophantus-cover.jpg?width=200 "Title page of the 1621 edition of Diophantus' ''Arithmetica'', translated into [[Latin]] by [[Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac]].")
![Geometry problem on a clay tablet belonging to a school for scribes; [[Susa]], first half of the 2nd millennium BCE](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Geometry problem-Sb 13088-IMG 0593-white.jpg?width=200 "Geometry problem on a clay tablet belonging to a school for scribes; [[Susa]], first half of the 2nd millennium BCE")
![[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bernhard Christoph Francke.jpg?width=200 "[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]")
![The [[Hagia Sophia]] was designed by mathematicians [[Anthemius of Tralles]] and [[Isidore of Miletus]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hagia Sophia Mars 2013.jpg?width=200 "The [[Hagia Sophia]] was designed by mathematicians [[Anthemius of Tralles]] and [[Isidore of Miletus]].")
![Page from ''[[The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing]]'' by [[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] (c. AD 820)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Image-Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala.jpg?width=200 "Page from ''[[The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing]]'' by [[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] (c. AD 820)")
![[[Leonhard Euler]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leonhard Euler - edit1.jpg?width=200 "[[Leonhard Euler]]")
![The [[Maya numerals]] for numbers 1 through 19, written in the [[Maya script]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maya Hieroglyphs Fig 40.jpg?width=200 "The [[Maya numerals]] for numbers 1 through 19, written in the [[Maya script]]")
![Image of Problem 14 from the [[Moscow Mathematical Papyrus]]. The problem includes a diagram indicating the dimensions of the truncated pyramid.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Moskou-papyrus.jpg?width=200 "Image of Problem 14 from the [[Moscow Mathematical Papyrus]]. The problem includes a diagram indicating the dimensions of the truncated pyramid.")
![quotation=Nicole Oresme ... was the first to prove the divergence of the harmonic series (c. 1350). His results were lost for several centuries, and the result was proved again by Italian mathematician [[Pietro Mengoli]] in 1647 and by Swiss mathematician [[Johann Bernoulli]] in 1687.}}</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oresme.jpg?width=200 "quotation=Nicole Oresme ... was the first to prove the divergence of the harmonic series (c. 1350). His results were lost for several centuries, and the result was proved again by Italian mathematician [[Pietro Mengoli]] in 1647 and by Swiss mathematician [[Johann Bernoulli]] in 1687.}}</ref>")
![The [[Pythagorean theorem]]. The [[Pythagoreans]] are generally credited with the first proof of the theorem.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pythagorean.svg?width=200 "The [[Pythagorean theorem]]. The [[Pythagoreans]] are generally credited with the first proof of the theorem.")
![The [[Tsinghua Bamboo Slips]], containing the world's earliest [[decimal]] [[multiplication table]], dated 305 BC during the [[Warring States]] period](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Qinghuajian, Suan Biao.jpg?width=200 "The [[Tsinghua Bamboo Slips]], containing the world's earliest [[decimal]] [[multiplication table]], dated 305 BC during the [[Warring States]] period")
![relativistic precession of apsides]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Relativistic precession.svg?width=200 "relativistic precession of apsides]]")
![''[[The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art]]'', one of the earliest surviving mathematical texts from [[China]] (2nd century AD).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/九章算術.gif?width=200 "''[[The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art]]'', one of the earliest surviving mathematical texts from [[China]] (2nd century AD).")
FIELD OF STUDY THAT INVESTIGATES THE ORIGIN OF DISCOVERIES IN MATHEMATICS AND THE MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND NOTATION OF THE PAST
History of Mathematics; History of math; Historian of mathematics; The History of Mathematics; Mathematic history; Mathematical history; History of maths; Evolution of mathematics; History of mathmatics; Medieval geometry; Mathematical knowledge of ancient civilizations; Prehistoric mathematics; Historians of mathematics; Ancient Roman mathematics; Mathematics in ancient Rome; Modern Mathematics; Modern Math; Mayan mathematics; Mathematics in the Renaissance; Renaissance mathematics; Rennaisance mathematics; 20th century in mathematics; 19th century in mathematics; 20th-century mathematics; 21st century in mathematics; 18th century in mathematics; Prehistory of mathematics
The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.
Mathematics in medieval Islam
![[[Omar Khayyám]]'s "Cubic equations and intersections of conic sections" the first page of the two-chaptered manuscript kept in Tehran University](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Khayyam-paper-1stpage.png?width=200 "[[Omar Khayyám]]'s \"Cubic equations and intersections of conic sections\" the first page of the two-chaptered manuscript kept in Tehran University")
![To solve the third-degree equation ''x''<sup>3</sup> + ''a''<sup>2</sup>''x'' = ''b'' Khayyám constructed the [[parabola]] ''x''<sup>2</sup> = ''ay'', a [[circle]] with diameter ''b''/''a''<sup>2</sup>, and a vertical line through the intersection point. The solution is given by the length of the horizontal line segment from the origin to the intersection of the vertical line and the ''x''-axis.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Omar Kayyám - Geometric solution to cubic equation.svg?width=200 "To solve the third-degree equation ''x''<sup>3</sup> + ''a''<sup>2</sup>''x'' = ''b'' Khayyám constructed the [[parabola]] ''x''<sup>2</sup> = ''ay'', a [[circle]] with diameter ''b''/''a''<sup>2</sup>, and a vertical line through the intersection point. The solution is given by the length of the horizontal line segment from the origin to the intersection of the vertical line and the ''x''-axis.")
![Engraving of [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī]]'s perfect compass to draw conic sections.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gravure originale du compas parfait par Abū Sahl al-Qūhī.jpg?width=200 "Engraving of [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī]]'s perfect compass to draw conic sections.")
![theorem of Ibn Haytham]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Theorem of al-Haitham.JPG?width=200 "theorem of Ibn Haytham]].")
THE BODY OF MATHEMATICS PRESERVED AND ADVANCED UNDER THE ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION BETWEEN CIRCA 622 AND 1600
Islamic Mathematics; List of Muslim mathematicians; Muslim Mathematicians; Muslim mathematicians; Islamic mathematician; History of mathematics in Islamic culture; Mathematics in the Middle-East; Islamic mathematicians; Arabian mathematics; Arab mathematics; Arabic mathematics; Medieval Islamic Mathematics; Medieval Islamic mathematics; Islamic mathematics; Mathematics in the Islamic Golden Age; Mathematics in the Golden Age of Islam; Mathematics in the Caliphates; Saracenic mathematics; Islamic maths; Islamic geometry; Arabic mathematic; Algebra in medieval Islam; Irrational numbers in medieval Islam; Mathematics in medieval Islam
Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important progress was made, such as full development of the decimal place-value system to include decimal fractions, the first systematised study of algebra, and advances in geometry and trigonometry.
